Paradigm and Framework of WUS-CLV Feedback Loop in Stem Cell Niche for SAM Maintenance and Cell Identity Transition

Shoot apical meristem (SAM) consists of stem cells that act as a reservoir for the aerial growth. It plays an important role in differential architectural development plants. SAM actively performs parallel functions by maintaining pluripotent and continuous organogenesis throughout plant’s life cycle. Molecular mechanisms regulating signaling networks this dual function have been progressively understood. In SAM, feedback loop WUSCHEL (WUS)-CLAVATA (CLV) has found to be key regulator stabilizing cell proliferation differentiation. general, WUS migrates into central zone (CZ) from organizing center (OC) activates expression CLV3 binding promoter elements. acts ligand interact with CLV1, leucine rich repeats (LRR) receptor-like kinase (RLK) LRR protein CLV2, coryne (CRN) (CLV2/CRN) restrict transcription OC. Evolution is one main factors contributing transformation two-dimensional (2D) 3D WUS-CLV involved several pathways integrate on maintenance identity transition. maintains simultaneous differentiation signals spatial-temporal phytohormones. interaction reactive oxygen species (ROS), molecules developmental also forms AGAMOUS (AG) differentiation, proliferation, termination floral meristem. These loops might involve vernalization its regulatory oversees precise timing flowering after exposure cold temperatures. review, we highlight evolutionary importance transition inflorescence development.